The Canadian Railroader Weekly. Vol. 2 No. 26: June 26, 1920

JUN 2 9

THE UPRISING OF YOUTH REGARDING

SOCIAL CONDITIONS

UNOFFICIAL SIDE-LIGHTS FROM
A. F. OF L. CONVENTION DELEGATES

OFFICIAL ORGAN,
FIFTH SUNDAY
MEETING ASSOCIATION
OF CANADA

MONTREAL, JUNE 26th, 1920
Vol. 2, No. 26

5 Cents a copy, $2.00 a year

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THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

(From our own

London, May 28th.

THE Building trade is occupying
niore and more attention, owing to
the serious house shortage and the
difficulty the operatives are having
to see eye to eye with the Govern-
ment on the questions of dilution
and the abrogation of certain trades
union restrictions.

In London the workers in the
industry are making a bold bid for
an opportunity to do the necessary
work without the parental assist-
ance of the kindly employer and
have evolved a guild scheme, a pros-
pectus of which is just issued. The
President of the Men’s Federation,
George Hicks, is not enamored of
the scheme fearing it savors too
much of vested interests, but the
London Council has passed it and
is appealing to its 60,000 members
to take it up.

In any case the notion is too in-
teresting to be allowed to pass with
a casual reference. The prospectus
declares that the great trade unions,
no longer mainly defensive and rest-
ive, are awakening to a new con-
ception of their functions.

There is a new vision of creative
service — administrators, technicians,
mechanics, and ' workers — all are in-
vited to volunteer to the call of the
guild, without thought of monetary
gain, conscious that they are-entei
ing upon one of the greatest tasks in :
history; conscious that it needs
them and cannot do without them. !

The trade union -ticket will be the j
certificate of guild membership, and !
. it will enjoy full democratic con-
trol by all the workers.

The organization will be re-
gistered as the Guild of Builders, i
(London) Limited, with an issue of
25 ets. per share for each member, and j
its objects are enumerated as fol- !
lows :

The first, and immediate, duty of
the Guild is to monopolize the nec-
essarv labor to build the houses so

Correspondent.)

urgently needed by the nation, and
to build them in the best possible
manner, at the lowest possible cost,
to carry on the industry of build-
ers, decorators, and general con-
tractors; to undertake all branches
of supply, whether as merchant,
manufacturer or transporter; and,
finally, to carry on any other work
which the society may think neces-
sary or desirable in connection with
the above objects.

The minimum Guild pay will al-
ways be the full standard rates as
fixed in the industry as a whole, but
it is added that there is no doubt
that the Guild will be able to in-
crease the purchasing power of its
members’ pay by the scientific or-
ganization of production.

There is unrest and discontent
with the conditions of service in the
fire brigades throughout the coun-
try.

For some time past firemen have
been asking that the rates of pay
and conditions of service should be
improved, and that a pension scheme
should be established for the whole
service based on that of the Lon-
don Fire Brigade.

Last 'December the Home Sec-
retary appointed a Departmental
Committee to inquire and report
on the subject, and evidence was
taken in the following February.

The delay of this committee, first
in getting to work and now in is-
suing its report, is the cause of the
present discontent in the service.

Rightly or wrongly the men be-
lieve that the committee was ap-
pointed simply to keep them quiet,
and this feeling is not confined to
the lower ranks, but is shared by
the higher officers of the service.

Since the appointment of the com-
mittee the different fire brigade
authorities will not consider any
application for increases in wages,
the excuse being that -they can do
nothing until the committee issues
its report.

Tn London and a few of the more
important brigades in the provinces,
the authorities recognized the claim
of the men for immediate con-ces 1 -
sions.

In order that the efficiency of
their brigades should not become
impaired, they gave the police rates
of pay, abolished the continuous
24 hours a day duty and established
what is known as “The 2-Platoon
System” under which the duty is
divided into two shifts of 12 hours
each.

In other brigades, however,
nothing has been done to ameliorate
the conditions of the service and it
is this which has brought about the
present situation.

We have been expecting a strike
in the London teashops, but the out-
break is staved off. Messrs. Lyon*s
the biggest caterers in the city have
a dispute on with their waitresses.
This week the following settlement
was arrived at:

Messrs. Lyons to recognize the
Catering Trade Union.

Hours of work not to exceed 48
per week, excluding meal times.

Sunday work to be compensated
by a day off during the week.

Extra railway fares on Sunday to
be paid as usual.

A policy of no victimization to
be accepted, and eases of alleged
victimization to be rigidly exam-
ined, and if proved the victims to
be reinstated.

Messrs. Lyons and the Gatering
Trade Union to work amicably to
accelerate the setting up of a Trade
Board to fix standard wages for all
workers in tea shops.

The girls are paid $7.50 a week,
but demanded $12.50.

Even the bank clerks have so far
pocketed their dignity -as to talk
strike. At the annual meeting in
London of the Bank Officers Guild,
which has a membership of 20,000,
the president^ F. C. Clegg, observed
that the bankmen of England and
Wales were determined to get recog-
nition for their league. The Irish
banks had got recognition on the
e-ve of a strike, -and South African
bankmen also got recognition when
they turned down the question of
sectionaiisation and were balloting
for a strike. He deprecated any such
necessity being forced in England
and Wales in support of demands
which were most moderate and just,
but they could not overlook the sig-
nificance of the -action of Ireland
and South Africa. It was not, per-
haps, altogether the fault of bank
directors that they did not realize
the power of unity among bankmen
because .the mein themselves had
wobbled and hesitated <to join the
league.

A motion in favor of a Joint In-
dustrial Council w r as carried.

A little matter which is interest-
ing us very much over here is that
the election for the Parliamentary
Committee of the Trades Union Con-
gress in September next will be run
on the basis of Proportional Repre-
sentation.

The announcement that the Fed-
erated Council of Government Em-

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There are more B.B.B. pipes
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That ’s the result of maintain-
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pKoyces which includes about 10,-
000 of the laborers in the Royal
Dockyards and similar establish-
ments, lias amalgamated with the
National Union -of General Work-
ers, is of Considerable interest as
indicating the growth in the organi-
zation of general labor. The Gen-
eral Workers have also recently ab-
sorbed the Euginemen’s and Crane-
men’s Society of London, the gen-
eral branches of the Labor Protec-
tion League, and several other
smaller societies. The growth of
the other General Labor Unions
is no less interesting. Quite recently
the Workers’ Union, the National
Amalgamated Union of Labor and
the Municipal Employees’ Associa-
tion decided to set up housekeeping
together at a central office, and
though the three societies retain
their separate identity, they work
together in a number of questions,
e.g., the special Local Government
Employees section of the Workers’
Union acts closely in conjunction
with the M. E. A. Just a year ago
the largest industrial federation in
the kingdom, with the exception of
the Triple Alliance, w T as formed.
This is the National Federation^ of
General Workers which includes all
the General Labor Unions except
the women; and as there is at pres-
ent on foot a movement to amal-
gamate the National Federation ^
Women Workers with the National
Union of General Workers, it seems
as though the women would soon
be in. The Federation acts as a
general negotia/tilng body for alii
parties, but its ambition is to go
further than this and to succeed in
amalgamating all its .constituents.
By this means it would be possible
both to get riil of constant overlap-
ping and to set up industrial sec-
tions with internal self-government
within the larger body.

The Transport Workers Federa-
tion at its annual council meeting
next week will discuss a motion for
one union for all 'transport workers.
The tendency towards amalgamation
is growing rapidly. Many, -trade
unionists even dream of the day
when we shall be all in one union
— but the time for that is not yet.

Ethelbert Pogson

June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

Page 3

©jr IGrgal Asa irap Again

(By George Pierce).

I *T is noteworthy that the press is almost unanimous in en-
dorsing the principle of the famous “Kansas Plan de-
signed to prevent strikes. When the ( hicago Republican
Convention went on record as favoring the principle of that
law, a sensational climax was reached. Briefly, the act pro-
vides that if two persons, as the result of conference,, decide to
reject the findings of a special court, such persons are consider-
ed to have committed a crime against the public welfare and are
therefore subject to fine and incarceration. Prisons which re-
strain murderers, robbers, forgers and cheats are to be the home
of men who protest against their industrial environment, using
their only means of remedy which has proved to be effective,
namely, the discontinuance of work, commonly known as the
strike.

The j) resumption of the law is that by a mere stroke oi the
pen on a legal document the turbulent mass movement and the
great underlying causes may be quelled. 1 nder the sacred folds
of the law, men are to be forced to work by the relentless meth-
od of threatening them with imprisonment and disgrace and the
stigma of felony unless they servilely do the bidding of their

masters.

If there is any morality in this law, it must apply with equal
force upon all classes of the community.

Here are a few millionaires who have recently acquired
wealth from fortunate contracts. They meet socially and dis-
euss the pleasures of a trip abroad. There we have a group of
wealthy men who decide to leave their offices at one o clock an<
hold forth on the golf course. Some coupon clippers decide on
motoring and others on kachting. Think of the terrible calam-
ity visited upon the unprotected community by the absence o
these men from the post of duty! In all arguments sustaining
the present system, the fundamental principle is to recognize
the indispensability of the upper class. If the lawyers and the
doctors, the rich, ireplaceable men, hie themselves oft to places
of amuseemnt during working hours, is the public not suttering
an irreparable injury by the deprivation of the creative brains
of those men? If these gentlemena are of such vital importance
to the community, that because of the service rendered the hius
entitle them to nine-tenths of the world’s wealth, does it not tol
low legally that when they absent themselves their offence is
greater toward the public than that of the humble, unimportant
workman? Le us apply the same sauce to the gander that has
been fed by considerate law makers to the goose.

Can you conjure in your most imaginative mood the ci\
of dismav that would well up from that august assemblage it
the heavy hand of the law was laid upon the shoulder of
the rich merry-maker in precisely the same way that Kansas
has saddled it. upon the backs of the poor? Suppose the law
threatened to fine and imprison every rich man who left lus
desk while creative work remained to be done; would there not
he a tempest in the wash-tub? Or suppose the farmer decided not
to farm for a year or two? Let us presume that he merely de-
cided to raise that crop which required thp least exertion irre-
spective of the menace to the hungering public. Should we
apply the law in this case? Would it be the moral thing, the
iust anti right thing, were we to fine him and send him to jail
together with neighboring farmers who had agreed upon the
same system of farming, upon the slender presumption that lie
was endangering the public welfare? Suppose the affluent
doctor decides to curtail his labor, bolding forth only from
one to three in the afternoon, together with other doctors who
have come to a similar practice? Think of the suffering of lie
public because of the withdrawal of expert medical knowledge
from public reach. Should a similar law be enacted if the ar-
chitect the civil engineer, the lawyer, the chemist, threatened
the public welfare by absenting himself, striking, as it were,

against long hours and trying conditions of work? W hat folly,
what mountainous folly, and what rare presumption of the law,
that a man’s work may be made holy by the scratch of a pen, or
that a man’s brain can be imprisoned within a penitentiary's
walls !

Since when the law has become greater than the man who
made it ? The law depends upon force for its power and its
execution. Thus wc have battle ships and Maxim guns. Is
there any one in Kansas crazy enough, is there any one in the
world mad enough, to believe that men are going to use their
own force to break into prison walls for the purpose of incar-
cerating themselves? If this law is to be killed, to become a
dead letter, only one thing is necessary, and that is to extend
its scope, and develop its operations, and you produce its death,
The truly remarkable thing about it all is, that when some crank
brings forward an unusual idea our legislators leap upon it wilh
avidity and read it into the law. Let earnest men bring forward
a practical, creative piece of legislation which recognizes the
rights of all classes of the community and provides the means
for the common benefit, so apparent that not a single argument
has ever been advanced against it, as in the case of a Tariff
Board for instance, and these same law-makers will hesitate
and procrastinate, oscillate and vacillate, and finally gyrate
into some subterfuge with smug and exasperating complacency.

God deliver us from our law-makers at least on the Judg-
ment Day.

Mexico’s little war seems to indicate that she is determined
to place herself in the front rank of civilized nations.

“Suits at $150 coming*' announces a daily paper. But at
that price they will certainly not come to us.

dim Larkin is busy shovelling coal in Sin-Sing. He always
boasted he would make a blaze in America.

Canadian M.P.’s want their salaries increased from $3,000
to $5,000 a year. M.P. stands for More Pay.

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THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

(From Our Owu Correspondent)

T HE Parliament of 1919 is now in
its last lap and members are
beginning <to purchase their berths for
home. Mr. Calder is floor manager
for the Cabinet and he fills the role
exceedingly w T ell. His arrangements
are carefully planned and tactful
and he is always willing to make
concessions to the wishes of other
parties than his own. He knows
when to bring in certain kinds of
business and when to keep them in
the background, and as a result rapid
progress is being made w r ith the ac-
cumulated arrears and with a little
luck, providing no acutely contro-
versial matter develops in the in-
terim, prorogation may be possible
on the 26th. At any rate it is cer-
tain to take place before Dominion
Day.

It has been announced that before
the Unionists separate to their homes
a full dress caucus will be held at
which as far as is possible the fu-
ture of the Coalition will be decided.
The matter of a platform is compar-
atively simple nowadays. With the
tame submission of the surviving Li-
beral-Unionists to one of the most
impudent and illdrafted Budgets on
record, the Coalition managers are
now aware that they will calmly ac-
cept any programme that is offered.
There is no longer any need to j
bother about a compromise platform, j
Whatever is produced will not meas-
urably differ from what would have
been endorsed by a purely Tory con-
vention organized by Mr. Robert
Rogers if the diversion of Union
Government had not occurred.

The main problem of the Coalition
managers centres round the leader-
ship and despite the outw r ard appear-
ance of good physical health which
the Prime Minister offers to the |
world the conviction still prevails
that he has determined to end his
political career and retire, if not at
the end of the session, at least with-
in a few' months. Mr. Rowell will
probably accompany him. The lat-i
ter’s friends now' aver that he will!

| not -seek the Washington Embassy
or any other appointment but will
simply resume his legal practice.

The supporters of Mr. Meighen’s
candidature for the Premiership are
not in a hopeful frame of mind. They
fear that Sir Thomas White has not
retired from the contest and will
have the powerful backing of the
Montreal interests who will hanker
after the introduction of their pet
politician, Sir Lomer Gouin, into fed-
eral politics. They w'ant support
j from Quebec to defend the trenches
of vested privilege. They think a
White-Gouin combination could
bring it, but fear that the memory
of some of Mr. Meighen ’s past per-
formances is still fresh in French-
Canadian minds and would ensure a
cold reception for any party led by
him in Quebec. However a week
may show' some interesting develop-
ments. If Sir Robert and Mr. Row r -
ell depart, it is unlikely that Mr. Ar-
thur Sifton will long linger behind
them and a wholesale reorganization
of the Cabinet will be inevitable.
This means by-elections and the Co-
alition has not developed the knack
of carrying them. In days gone by a
Federal Government rarely lost a
by-election save in its last year.
Their majority in the House is nar-
now r and the loss of a few' seats
would inevitably mean a general
election. In any case it is not im-
possible that such an event might
take place this fall and it is badly
needed to clear the political air.

The Budget is now practically
through the Commons and it could,
with difficulty, be recognized as the
same scheme which emerged on May
18th. Tt seems to be generally agreed
that its net effect w'ill be to raise
materially the cost of living. The
rise may within a year turn out to
be as high as ten per cent under the
influence of it and other factors
which have long passed out of the
control of our worthy governors.

The natural sequence of such a rise
in living costs w'ill be the recrudes-

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cenee on every hand of demands for
increased wages. Several sections
of Labor in various parts of the
country are already restive at their
present lot, numerous strikes are
threatened and there are other at-
tempts at settlement of serious wage
disputes by arbitration. But in a few
months’ time, once the process of
passing on all the new taxes to the
consumer really begins, it is not hard
to foresee the major trades unions
pressing demands for increased wag-
es. In the end, however^ the people
who will suffer most will be the
minor salaried classes, clerks, civil
servants, teachers, etc. After all
many workers have no steep descent
to make from prosperity to pauper-
ism; their margin of life is always
very narrow. But the interesting
question is whether the “middle
classes” of the towms, w'ho hold
themselves socially superior to the
artisan and farming classes, and
have hitherto been inclined to look
with disdain upon the efforts of
these elements to grasp some meas-
ure of political control, will continue
to suffer calmly the limit at the
hands and feet of their “betters”.
We are about to see this matter test-
ed out. The workers may to some
extent make up leeway by success-
ful strikes for higher wages but
w'hat of the “middle classes”
above mentioned. Will they be con-
tent to “economize” still further in
the health, education and amenities
of their families; anything rather
than pay attention to the greatest
social question of all time — wdio fix-
es prices. States have perished be-
fore this on account of the political
apathy of the “middle classes”,
who think it is not respectable to
agitate and combine for political ac-
tion. On the other hand, there are
limits to the endurance of human na-
ture. But apparently there are none
to the demands of our existing econ-
omic system and its controllers.

On Monday the 14th Mr. Ballan-
tyne surprised the House by unfold-
ing a new naval policy and intimat-
ing that he would ask for $2,200,000
to maintain a miniature navy con-
sisting of o«ne cruiser, two destroy-
ers and tw'o submarines which the
British Admiralty in the goodness of
its heart was presenting to us.

At the beginning of the session
when Mr. Ballantyne made his bold
announcement that he was going to
scrap the Canadian Navy and onlv
ask for a modest $300,000 for its
estimates, it looked as if Canada was
going to be a real pioneer in the
matter of disarmament. But appa-
rently the Imperialists have taken
alarm and applied their customary
means of pressure. Col. Amerv, one
of their star performers, has late-
ly-been visiting Ottawa and has no
doubt given timely advice. So w'e
are to have a navy, after all, and
Mr. Ballantyne promises that it w'ill
have the seagoing habit and not
cling as in the past to pleasant har-
bors which are the scene of brilliant
social functions. Boys will also be
trained in the merchant marine w'ith
a view to becoming naval officers.

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THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

Page 5

Mr. King, with one eye on Quebec,
denounced the additional expendi-
ture, and, with the other on Onta-
rio, admitted the necessity of de-
fending our coasts. Once again he
protested that this policy has been
determined without adequate con-
sultation of Parliament. Mr. Le-
mieux thought this expenditure on
armaments was reprehensible in
times like these, though he would
otherwise have supported it. He
found some gratification in the fact
that the naval policy, of Sir Wilfrid
has at last come into its own.

What with over $12,000,000 for
militia estimates, Mr. Rowell’s lit-
tle bul of nearly $5,000.00 for his be-
loved Mounted Police, and this na-
val scheme our protective expendi-
ture mounts up to a very large sum.
Some of the Western Unionists do
not like the size of the bill but if
they carry their (list ate to the point
of voting against the naval estimates
when they are produced it will be a
nine days wonder.

Some furore had been caused by
the statement of a Toronto cleric,
Dr. Speer bv name, that Parliament
had been corrupted by racetrack in-
interests and induced to pass vicious
legislation. The Premier char-
acterized the statement as an out-
rageous libel on Parliament, with
which Mr. King agreed. It was sug-
gested that the offender should be
brought before the bar of the House,
but eventually the Speaker sent him
a wire demanding an explanation
and the reverend critic explained
that he had not mealit to cast any
slur upon the honor of Parliament.

On Tuesday the Budget was once
more to the fore and as item after
item was brought forward and dis-
cussed, members took the opportun-
ity of demanding alterations and
pleading the case of special interests
who required changes. Sir Henry
refused some requests but granted
others. There were some amusing
interludes. Mr. W. S. Loggie, a cu-
rious elderly little man who is a lob-
ster canner by profession, has con-
stituted himself as -sort of A.D.G. to
the Finance Minister. Apparently
once in the distant past Sir Thomas

White complimented him upon a
speech in a Budget debate and ever
since Mr. Loggie has regarded him-
self as a special authority upon fin-
ancial problems. He intervened at
regular intervals with an air of “I
will clear that up for you”, but the
trouble is that he is very long-wind-
ed and his explanations do not make
for rapid progress. On Tuesday he
amused -the house by showing an ex-
expert knowledge of ladies’ hosiery
and kindred rainment. Mr. Jacobs
protested against the severity of the
tax on beer which he said would!
have the effect of almost exactly
doubling the price of that beverage.

On Wednesday the Committee stage
of the Budget was concluded and the
House turned to a variety of other
matters. Sir Robert Borden intro-
duced a resolution to amend the
Customs’ Act, whereby power should
be given to the Governor-in-Council,
which means the Cabinet, to make
regulations relating to t lie exporta-
tion of any article. If passed it would
virtually revive the great powers
possessed by the Cabinet under the
War Measures Act. Sir Robert as-
serted that he had talked the mat-
ter over with Mr. King and Mr. Cre-
rar and had secured their approval
to the suggestion that once the meas-
ure had got to a second reading it
should be referred to a small select
committee representative of all par-
ties. Messrs. Bureau, Jacobs, and
McMaster declined to be bound by
the arrangements made by their lead-
er and protested against the bill.
Mr .McMaster was very outspoken in
his enunciation o fthe proposal which
he declared to be vicious. He said it
was bad enough to have a protection
ist government controlling imports
without giving it power to control
exports. However the resolution was
agreed to.

Mr. Guthrie then introduced the
estimates for the Militia Depart-
ment which showed an increase of
more than $4,000,000 over those of
1919. Mr. King and Mr. Crerar
were both somewhat critical of in-
creases in many items and Mr. Guth-
rie had to do a lot of explaining.
The chief feature of the discussion,
however, was a violent attack by

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Sir Sam Hughes upon the personal
courage and military capacity of Sir
Arthur Currie. He revamped a lot
of old stories w r hieh the House Jiad
heard before. For some reason or
other Sir Arthur is Sir Sam’s favor-
ite bugbear after Sir Thomas White
and possibly Mr. Rowell ,and he nev-
er loses an opportunity of reviling
him in public.

Dr. Clark made a strong plea for
economy in military expenditures
and it was interesting to find that
Ool. Peck, V.C., was in favor of the
voluntary system.

On Thursday Sir Robert’s amend-
ment to the Customs’ Act received
its second reading and a special com-
mittee, including the leading figures
on both sides of the House, was
named to deal with it. Sir Robert
officially announced the resigna-
tion of Mr. W. F. O’Connor, Chair-
man of the Board of Commerce,
which leaves Mr. Murdock as the
surviving commissioner.

Mr. Lemieux adjourned the House
to discuss the coal situation which he
declared was very serious and might
lead to great suffering next winter.
The Premier admitted that -the j>rob-
lem gave the government some con-
cern but was not so alarming as it
was depicted in certain quarters. Mr.
Guthrie proceeded! with Militia estim-
ates and found himself faced with a
running fire of criticism. Mr. King
challenged a great number of items,
but he would have found more sup-
port if he had concentrated upon a
few for which there was no real de-
fence. The House in general was
inclined to think some of the estim-
ates smacked of extravagance and
Mr. Guthrie discreetly decided to
reserve some of the items most live-
ly to arouse criticism among his own

side for the closing days of the ces-
sion when opposition usually peters
rapidly out.

Mr. Burrell accordingly took his place
with posit office estimates, acting for
for Senator Blondin, who seems to
have ceased taking any personal re-
sponsibility for his department. The
country has been carrying newspa-
pers at a very heavy annual loss and
it is now proposed to increase the
rate charged for them fourfold.
Friends of the press asked for some
concessions and Dr. Michael Stede,
whose exclusive patrician notions
have been the cause of a feud be-
tween the Press Gallery and the
House of Commons over the use of
the Parliamentary restaurant in-
dulged iu an attack upon the press of
Canada.

Friday was given up to public
work estimates and Dr. Reid had to
give an account of t he vagaries of
the Public Works Department now
under his loving care in regard to
grants for bridges. Air. Crony n
tabled the report of the Pensions
Committee of which he was chair-
man. It is a well-drafted and elabor-
ate document and recommends a va-
riety of changes in our pension sys-
tem which will entail an additional
expenditure of $12,000,000 per an-
num. It makes one interesting and
much nodded provision for a sys-
tem of insurance by the state for
veterans. Mr. Burrell occupied the
closing hours of the day With amend-
ments to the Revenue Act connected
with the Budget. The House sat on
Saturday from 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. prac-
tically all its time was given up to
estimates and a bill relating to ,tho
Superannuation of Civil servants.
Mr.Burrell accordingly took his plac e
J. A. Stevenson.

A

Page 6

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

The Uprising of Youth

(The Survey, New York)

Throughout the world, one effect
of the war common to the different
nationalities .seems to be the eman-
cipation of impulsive young men
and 'women against the “ tyranny of
age” which makes the laws, with-
out consideration for the desiires
and ideals of the younger generation,
and conscripts youth for the execu-
tion of its policies. The revolutions
of 1848 in different countries of
Europe were largely the result of
agitation at the universities, and in
1920 again it is in the institutions
of learning that the voice of re- 1
volt is the loudest 1 — with this dif- 1
ference, however, that now it finds |
an echo in the organized ranks of
young workers.

In Germany, the political organ- j
ization of youth antedates the war i
but has since assumed a significance !
and power with which politicians, 1
must seriously reckon. The National I
People's Party', which is now the !
most active of the liberal parties,
has created a German National Lea-
gue of Youth which has considerable
influence on its policies. The con-
servative parties have followed with
provision for special organization
of .minors; and the associations of
young people- under Christian aus-
pices, both Catholic and Protestant,
are also said to have gained in num-
ber and in political activity — though
in their case it is probably the re-
sult of a conscious effort to steer
the younger people away from sub-
versive movements into the safe
hannels of conservatism. The so-
cialists always have taken special
] tains to organize youth; and it is
not surprising to learn that the radi-
cal left wing is trying its best to
wean the young people of the party 1
away from the established organiza- ;
tions under moderate socialist in- j
fluences into the new associations I
with definitely communist prin- j
ciples. The Ministry of Education i
has recently taken steps to prevent
so far as t hat is possible, the per-
meation of high schools with politi-
cal controversy; but apparently with
little success because instead of
creating or supporting organs for
the free discussion of political sub
jects by the •students it has taken a i
purely negative stand.

In Switzerland, the liberal move- j
meat among the young has become j
strong enough to support an organ |
of its own, La Suisse Jeune, which j
does not serve the interests of any j
one party but attempts to aid in
bringing about common action for
the liberation of youth. It dis-
cusses laws, regulations and Court j
decisions which affect high school
and college students and promotes
the creation of self-governing asso-
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without the educational institution.
These efforts seeni to have tlip sup-
port and cooperation of a large sec-
tion of the faculties. The leaders
of the movement are concerned to
preserve for it the high ideals with
which it started, since there are oc-
casional signs of degeneration into
mere lawlessness and extension of
student traditions of liberty to
younger 'scholars’ in high schools
who are not mature enough to main-
tain it on so high a plane.

In Austria, likewise, the influence
of the new spirit has made itself felt
in the high schools, and the move-
ment here as in Germany has .taken
the form of “students' councils.” A
writer in La Suisse Jeune reports,
however, that in Vienna the pur-
poses aud programmes of the move-
ment are more serious than either
in Germany or Hungary; that there
is less playing with the idea of the
“school soviet,” and that educa-
tional ideas are the main motive.
The reason for this he finds in the
historical preeminence of Vienna as
a centre of intellectual culture. The
relation of students and teachers,
however, the participation of stu-
dents in the maintenance of discip-
line and fredom of assembly and or-
ganization, seems to be the main
practical questions discussed, in ad-
1 dition to definite demands in re-
plans, regulations governing exam-
inations and the like.

In England, Italy, Russia and
Japan similar movements of vary-
ing intensity and strength have
come into life in the last two years.
In addition to a democratic associa-
tion of youth, similar in scope and
purpose to the Young Democracy in
the United States, there has been
considerable growth of socialist stu-
dent clubs at the different universi-
ties, and these have allied them-
selves in a national society. The
new middle class movement toward
the left, already commented upon
in the “Survey,” finds expression
here in the endeavor of graduates to
associate themselves definitely with
some section of the labor movement
I on entering their professional
careers. In Italy, a new publica-
tion, La Fiamnia Verde f centralizes
j the movement for .the organization
■of youth which is still in an eaidy
j stage and, apparently, one mainly
of high school students. A con-
I ference is to be held sh-ortly in Rome
| to discuss physical and cultural edu-
cation and to promote the creation
of discussion centres and gymnasia
| in the larger cities. In< Russia, thoi
movement of course enjoys the pro-
tection of the Soviet government
which encourages far-reaching self-
government at the educational in-
stitutions and liberalization of stu-
dies. In Japan, according to recent
visitors from that eountry, there is
a strong liberal and pro-labor cur-
rent at the colleges, and many
young graduates of the best classes
have thrown overboard all their
connections in order to lead the life
of workingmen, -even going so far as
to marry girls of the lower ranks
and to exclude themselves from the
society of their own p»eer£.

June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

Page 7

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Prosperity

(News of the World. London)

Discussing the grave problems
which today thrust themselves so in-
sistently upon statesmanship. Mr.
dynes showed courage and original-
ity in his address as President of

the National Union of General Work-
ers. He dealt, amongst other to-
pics, with the trusts and “ direct
action.” The two are not without
relationship. The covetousness
which created the former sowed to
some extent the seeds of the latter.
The people, sorely tried by high pric-

es, listen with avidity to proposals j
which seem to offer a chance of a
rough and ready settlement with
exploiters of their necessities.

The “ direct actioniat” would cure
everything by ruining everything,
lb* would eradicate the disease by
the infallible process of slaying the
patient. In other words, in an ef-
fort to readjust the balance of
wealth, he would make an end of it
altogether.

Mr. dynes ’s attitude towards the
volcanic method of redressing griev-
ances, is precisely that so often stat- ;
ed in these columns. The extended
franchise makes of every General
Election the only rational mode of
“direct action.” The will of the
people, expressed through the ballot:
box, is irresistible. Pardiament and
the Government are but their in-
struments. Made by the people,,
neither could long survive the witli-
, drawal of popular favor. That is a
: statement of positive truth, which ;
admits of no contradiction. All that
I its opponents can do is to denounce
our well-tried system as too slow’. It
is easy to show that their policy is
quick only in the suicidal sense. The
fvhole prosperity of this country is
bound up with its foreign trade. The
people exist in the main upon import-
ed supplies. Any serious disturb-
ance of credit due to internal commo-
tions would check the flow of com-
modities to our shores, and leave us t
with empty warehouses and empty
shops .Thus would “direct action”,
if attempted on a large scale, induce
wholesale want and misery.

Countries that are in the main
self-supporting can afford, perhaps,
to toy with such a gospel. If a State
has corn for all comers within its
borders a change in the Government
simply mejuis a change in the cust-
ody of the granaries. Whoever holds
them must feed the people as the;

surest method of winning their loy-
alty. This is the case of Russia and
Poland and the Central European
countries. Germany was able to fight
for five years because it was easily
within her pre-war capacity to raise
seventy-five per cent, of her agri-
cultural food stuffs. As the war
went on, her production diminished
from loss of man power and facili-
ties for good husbandery. At the
/ n d the condition of her population
was one of acute distress.

During all those terrible years,
with millions of our men underarms,
and our shipping largely diverted to
military purposes, our people felt no
really painful deprivation in the
matter of food. No man, woman, or
child went hungry because our bak-
ers ’ shops had to be replenished from
the Antipodes. The reason for that
extraordinary immunity from suffer-
ing was that British credit in the
darkest days of the submarine cam-
paign stood high and unshaken. It
had its foundations deep down in the
unity and industry and steadfast j
spirit of the people. These are the'
priceless factors which still make up
British credit. These are the mag-
nets which attract the argosies of
every land to our ports. They are;
the creation of generations of order-
ly and successful toil. They are prac-
tically invulnerable against foreign
enemies. They can be destroyed on-
ly by a domestic convulsion. In this
sphere “direct action” could, and
almost inevitably would, provoke
swift catastrophe.

It is a simple proposition to un-
derstand that strikes for political
purposes are unnecessary so long as |
the men and women of the country
have, through the vote, the whole
control of government.

It is rather more difficult to real-
ize that, in one fashion or another,
work is the source of all our pros-

perity, and that if it ceases our
lines of supply, reaching out over
all the oceans to all the continents,
are automatically cut.

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Page 8

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

all!? (Eattaitfan iRailmaiter

WEEKLY

The Official Organ of the Fifth Sunday Meeting
Association of Canada

Organized Sept. 1916

Incorporated under Dominion Letters Patent.
April, 1919.

J. A. Woodward, President
J. N. Potvin, Vice-President
W. E. Berry, Sec.-Treasurer

C. P. R. Conductor
C. P. R. Train Dispatcher
G. T. R. Conductor

Executive Committee.

S. Dale, C. P. R. Engineer; D. Trindall, G. T. R. Locomotive En-
gineer; John Hogan, C. P. R. Assistant Roadmaster; Archie Du-
fault, C. P. R. Conductor; E. McGillv, C. P. R. Locomotive Fire-
man; W. T. Davis, General Yard Master; W. Farley, C. P. R.
Locomotive Engineer; M. James, C. P. R. Engineer; S. Pugh,
G. T. R. Conductor; Win. Parsons, C. G. R. Agent.

Issued in the interest of Locomotive Engineers, Railroad Con-
ductors, Locomotive Firemen, Railroad Trainmen (Switchmen),
Maintenance of Way Men, Railroad Telegraphers and employees
in all branches of the service.

Membership open to all who toil by Hand or Brain.

Yearly subscription: $2.00

Single copies ... 5 cents

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER LIMITED

316 Lagauchetiere St. W., Corner B eaver Hall Hill, Montreal.

Telephone: MAIN 6222

GEO. PIERCE, Editor. KENNEDY CRONE, Associate Editor.

An A. 3 . of C. Hraknrsa

O NE of the weakest tilings about the American Federation
of Labor is its publicity service, not only for the use
of teachers, social students and the general public, but
for the use of trade unionists themselves. No big business or
political or social interests, unless it be some of the churches, are
so badly equipped in the matter of spreading their news and
views, yet few have such an extensive readymade reading
clientele.

The two main features of the. A. F..of L. service are the
American Federal ionist, a monthly magazine which is the
mouthpiece of Sam Gompers, and the 'Weekly News Letter, a
partial digest of labor news which is sent to a number of labor
papers. Both do good work; neither more than scratches the
field of possibility.

Many an or -l inary news or magazine syndicate turns out a
better service than, the News Letter and hundreds of compar-
atively small organizations turn ou£ a better magazine ;Uan the
American Federationist. Neither News Letter nor Federal ion-

and the energy can build up and run as groat newspapers .or
magazines as were ever published, and that there is no special
need for using men and women trained in the publishing bu-
siness. If they try their hands at producing papers, and do not
make successes of them, they put it down to causes other than
the lack of trained help in their own organizations. Lots of
otherwise keen and intelligent persons who would hesitate
about telling a plumber how to wipe a joint, or a brakeman
how to brake a string of cars, or an electrician how to load a
circuit, will with great assurance claim omniscience in the run-
ning of a newspaper. Many persons are Sure that they could
manage the daily papers they read far better than the men and
women who do the job, and their confidence provides hilarity
in all the big newspaper offices of the world.

That error of viewspoint is precisely the main, reason why
Labor has so far failed to put on the market a press that can
command the united support of trade unionists, not to speak of
getting circulation among noirunionists. In the comparatively
few instances where Labor papers are real rivals of the ordinary
public press, it will be found (I guessed it from experience and
confirmed it by specific enquiry) that they are largely, if not
wholly, the product of trained newspaper makers. (What I am
now saying is as obvious to the so-called capitalist publishers
as the nose on your face. They do not fear a Labor press pro-
duced by non-press tradesmen; they do fear a Labor press pro-
duced by their own men and methods. 1 wish it was as obvious
to the Labor movement; it is becoming obvious, but slowly).

The American Federationist has an opportunity for devel-
opment before it that few magazines ever had, and it is a great
pity that it is not being used. If it were an ordinary commer-
cial venture with such a field in front of it it would be built up
to a two-million circulation. It would be on every newstand
on the American continent because it would be made well worth
buying. Trade unionists could not afford to be without it, and
there are five million trade unionists alone. Probably before
long it would be switched into a weekly, and might even be made
the forerunner of a chain of Labor dailies.

The Weekly News-Letter needs developing, too, by the
tradesmen who know the needs and the ways to meet them.
The ‘supplying of news and views that papers will use and pay
for is a highly-developed and intricate business with a psycho-
logy of its own ; it cannot be done carelessly with a pair of scis-
sors and a paste pot.

Labor, to meet its needs for propaganda and the spread of
fact, must compete according to the rules of the games devel-
oped out of the generations of experience. It is almost as futile
to run a press without press exprienee and knowledge and
equipment as it is for an amateur wireless enthusiast to
try to run the central station of a city plant or a high school girl
to try to be principal of a school with twelve hundred children,
or a blacksmith to try to lay bricks or a bricklayer to try to
make a horse-shoe.

Some of. the members of the International Labor Press
soeiation in conference in Montreal three weeks ago sensed the
urgency of developing the publicity end of the A. F. of L. They
sensed it because, although they were not originally newspaper
makers, they had learnt enough about the game to see the ne-
cessity for action along the lines used by the non-Labpr and the
anti-Labor press and other propaganda and publicity agencies.

t

K. C.

1st is as creditable to such a great organization as the A. F. of
L. as they should be, and as they might, well become Indeed,
the Federationist could rival any magazine in existence in point
of circulation, in general interest, in value to the movement it
represents, in financial success.

Such a magazine could not be the product of the spare time
of a few busy labor leaders. It would have to be .run by the
trained specialists of the game, as all successful magazines are
run. Labor, like other movements and persons, has, to a large
extent, made the error of supposing that anybody with the will

®1ip (Seuna (HmtfrmuT

T HE average citizen who depends upon the world’s shipping
for his food, probably is scarcely aware that ther^ is a
conference in session at Genoa, the Neapolitan port,
where the conditions of labor of seamen are now under discus-
sion by the nations which have subscribed to the League of Na-
tions. It is a far cry from the present day when the eight-

June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

Page 9

hour day for sailors is being discussed, to the day when Samuel
Plimsoll waged a strenuous fight against sending seamen to
sea in ships that were known as coffin ships. His fight was for
the principle that seamen should not have their lives endan-
gered on account of their occupation, whereas the contention
of today is that the mariners' general conditions shall be to*
lerable as to food, quarters and spare time.

Some years ago the writer took a voyage — not across the
North Atlantic — when en route he learned that the steward
who waited upon him, had no berth in the ship, but lay down
in a corridor about midnight, rising at 5 a.m., and that he
took his meals standing in the kitchen. Truly a nice life for
a three weeks’ voyage, which included crossing the tropics.

Not only lias the sailor suffered abnormal hardships at
sea, but when he has gone ashore. Being much in strange
cities, he has been the victim for all the land harpies of both
sexes that great ports are notorious for producing. Certain
societies have done their best to combat this sort of thing, one
such being, the British and Foreign Sailors’ Society, whose Sea-
men’s Institutes have done excellent work in providing coun-
ter-attractions to tinselled vice. Too often the sailor has been
an easy prey for the police and has been switched into jail for
some trivial brawl. Last year two of them were arrested in
this city for simply watching a raid in the district.

There is something logical in the idea that the >ailor is
something better as an outcome of the war, for during those
five years lie endured many varieties of peril and hardship,
and then, as at no other time, the civilized world realized how
completely the needs of humanity today depend upon ocean
transportation. The changes involved necessarily entail high-
er charges for passenger and freight transportation; but if la-
bor an land is obtaining better conditions, labor on the sea is
equally entitled to the same advantages’

Caedmon.

Should Railroads Be Electritied?

It is asserted by E. W. Rice, Jr.,
in a presidential address delivered
before the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, that railway
electrification may prove a prime
factor in saving fuel and in relieving
freight congestion, thus solving two
problems that are bothering us in-
sistently at present. In an article
on “Some Phases of the Power Sit-
uation/ J contributed to “Power
Plant Engineering ’ ’ (Chicago) by
E. A. Van Deusen, President Rice
is quoted as saying that where elec-
trification has been substituted for
steam in the operation of railroads,
fully 50 per cent, increase in avail-
able capacity of existing tracks and
other facilities has been demonstra-
ted. He goes on:

“It is estimated that something
like 150,000,000 tons of coal vere
consumed by the railroads in the
year 1917. Now we know from the
results obtained from such electrical
operations of railroads as we already
have in this country, that it would
be possible to save at least two-
thirds of this coal if electric loco-
motives were substituted for the
present steam-locomotives. On this
basis, there would be a saving of
over 100,000,000 tons of coal in one
year. ’ ’

This estimate, Mr. Van Deusen in-
terpolates, is based on the assump-
tion that the power for tbe electric
locomotives i9 generated in and>

transmitted from central power-
houses using coal as fuel. It is ob-
vious that if water-power were used,
the whole 150,000,000 tons of coal
could be saved. Mr. Rice said fur-
ther:

“lit is really terrifying to realize
that 25 per cent, of the total amount
of coal which we are digging from
the earth each year is burned to
operate our railroads, under such
inefficient conditions that an aver-
age of at least six pounds 'f coal is
required per horse-power of work
performed. The same amount of coal
burned in a modern central power-
station would produce an equivalent
of three times that amount of power (
in the motors of an electric loco- j
motive, even including all losses of
generation and transmission from
the source of power to the locomo- j
live. Where water-power may be I
utilized all of the coal used for
steam locomotives can be saved. ”

Two notable examples of success-
ful railroad electrification cited by
Mr. Van Deusen in his article are
those recently carried out by the Chi-
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail-
road and the Norfolk & Western
Railroad. In the case of the former
44 miles of heavy mountain railroad
have been electrified, the power
being obtained from mountain water-
falls, thus saving or releasing for
other purposes hundreds of thou-
sands of tons of coal every year.

In the case of the Norfolk & West-
ern Railroad power is supplied from
large central steam-power stations
located at the mine-heads in West
Virginia. Mr. Van Deusen conti-
nues:

“As mentioned before, this method
of generating the necessary power
for moving traffic is approximately
three times as efficient, as far as
coal consumption is concerned, as in
the case of steam Locomotives. It is
evident, theerfore, that there is an-
other example in which a large an-
nual saving of coal is effected.

“It must be noted, however, that
railroad electrification, the most de-
sirable from the point of view of the
conservation of our fuel resources,
is a matter that can not be under-
taken wholesale, for several rea j
sons. In the first place the capital
outlay necessary would be enormous, !
and would run well into billions of
dollars; and in the second place, each
individual Tailroad system, or even
division, is a problem dn itself, to be
judged on its own merits. It is safe
to say that in the majority of cases
electrification would be economically
unsound at the present time. Never-
theless, electrification is inevitable;
but it will not come through whole-
sale and revolutionary methods; in-
stead it is to be hoped, in accordance
with the dictates of sound judgment
based on ripe experience and a know-
ledge of the workings of economic
and engineering laws. . . .

“Of the. *200,000,090 potential
water horse-power in the country,
government records indicate that
over 70 per cent, are located in the
mountain and Pacific States, that is
to say, in the public-land States.
Under the past Federal laws, the
would-be-developer of water-power on
these lands could not obtain a title
which could be used as a basis for
credit. This state of affairs has re-
sulted in the virtual stagnation of
the water-power -industry. The ques-
tion of remedying this condition has
been before Congress for the past
ten years, but until recently all ef-
forts to obtain relief have been fruit-
less; however, a bill, known as the
Water-Power Bill, which aims to re-
lease these water-powers for develop-
ment, and at the same time protect
the people’s interests, has recently
been passed by Congress.

“The •water-powers of the coun-

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try have been developed to a very
satisfactory extent in some sections,
particularly where located 011 rivers
and streams unaffected by the re-
strictive Federal laws. For in-
stance, -in the New England States
approximately 600,090 horso-power
have been developed and are in use
and yearly produce about 2,000,-
000,000 kilowatt-hours, the equiva-
lent of 3,000,000 tons of coal. Again,
a prominent water-power company
in the South in 1917 produced the
equivalent of 900,000 tons of coal,
while the equivalent output of a
Middle- West -company annually
amounts to about 300,000 tous. Many
other instances might be cited, bu<t
these three should serve to indicate

what is being done under adverse
statutory conditions and suggests
how much more might be done un-
der more favorable legislation.

“No more fitting conclusion to
these remarks on thk menacing con-
dition of the present power situa-
tion could be found than the fol-
lowing w T ords written by George Otis
Smith, Director United States Geo-
logical Survey, in 1916:

“Our unsurpassed coal reserves,
reenforced by these water-power
resources, constitute a strong line
of national defence in that they
form a real basis of an industrial
organization of the nation’s work-
ers. It is only through abundant
and well-distributed power that they
other material resources of the
country can be put to their highest
use and made to cmouut most in
the nation’s development.”

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Page 10

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

British “Black Coats”

Significant Move of Brain Workers
Towards Organized Labor.

(By &THELBERT POGSOX, Lon-
don Correspondent of Lie
Railroader.)

One of the most significant signs
of the growing strength of organ-
ized British Labor is the continual
and increasing move of the “black
coated” workers towards organiza-
tion on trade union lines.

There is now scarcely a definite
section of these brain workers which
has not its own union and is not
fighting to obtain for itself the ad-
vantages of combination on almost Mr. Earnest Clark, Police
precisely the same lines as did the Officer, 338 King St., Kingston,
horny-handed toilers between whom q * writes*
and them there was once so wide a **

gulf. “For three years I suffered

It has been an easy task to imbue from nervousness and sleep-
them with the trade union spirit, lessness. I believe my condi-
The feeling that it was scarcely “re- tion was brought about by
spectable’Mo organize in the same overwork. I had frequent
way as did the rail way me a, the mm headaches, neuralgic pains and

. u , 1 1 e twitching of nerves and

Could Not Sleep

’ muscles. I had indigestion,

er and the dustman died hard,
education which their several

ings demanded, instead of hel.oing . , « , . , -=

them to see the light had the effect s hoit of breath and easily
for long and stupid years of dazz- tired. I commenced a treat-
ling them lo their real position. Your Blent of Dr. Chase’s Nerve
clerk with his swallow-tail coat, Food, and seven boxes of this
your shop walker with his patent medicine cured me of all my
leather shoes, even your typist in her symptoms. I am now feeling
thin, cheap “tailor-made” would 0 ne hundred per cent, better

hol.l up their white hands in honor than j was> and have to thank
rf you suggested that they should Dr Chase > s N Food for

jorn a trade onion. It was “eon.-^ d h , th j

am now en-

that t h e \
trade union. It was

/non”, “low”, “unprofessional”. 77

By this time we have changed all

that — or nearly all of it — and Dr. Chase’s Nerve Food, 50 cents a box,
now we are finding the most enthi: 6 for £2.75, all dealers, or Edmanson,
siastic fighters against bad comli- Bates & Co., Ltd., Toronto,
tions very often among those who
used to speak of such things in
whispers full of horror and in tones
of shocked depugnanee.

True, they do not always use the
good old label of trade unionism.

Many of them have christenc d .i he.r
organizations Associations, Guilds,

Societies, but called by any name,

(lie weapon is just as effective ana
while some are still outside the fold
of the Trade Union Congress, mo <
are glad to seek its imprimatur year
by year.

Membership of a few of these bo-
dies can be quoted as most eloquent
evidence of the success already
achieved and augury of future
triumph. Thus we have:

Railway Clerks ' Association . 90,000
National Union of Clerks . . 40,000
Shop Assistants ' Union . . . 40,000
Postal and Telegraph Clerks. 30,000

Assurance Workers 20,000

Musicians' Union 16,000

Engineering and Shipbuilding

Draughtsmen 12,000

National Union of Journal-
ists 5,000

Actors' Association 6,000

In other trades and professions we
have, each in their own way organ-
ized:

Engineering— Technical engineers,
shipbuilding, enginering and steel
commercial staffs;

Electricity — Electrical Power en j
giners, supervising electricians, elec- j
tricity supply commercial staffs;

Transport — Dock, Wharves and
Shipping staffs, chipping clerical
staffs, shipping and transport
clerks;

Mining — •Colliery Managers, mine
managers, colliery under-managers,
other colliery officials;

Banking — Bank officers, embrac-
ed in three associations.

Law — Law clerks.

Acting — Variety artists;

Commercial — Commercial travel-
lers, co-operative officials;

Chemical, etc.- — -Scientific work-
ers, industrial chemists.

Attempts are being made, and have
to some extent succeeded, to bring
all these together in a National Fed-
eration of Professional, Technical,
and Supervisory Workers. There is
a little shyness here and there, be-
cause of tlie feeling that such action
might commit the unit organization
too deeply to close connection with
the Labor Party, and this is one of

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June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

Page 11

the things for which only time and
patience can be subscribed.

To understand this difference it
has clearly to be realized that the
Labor Party in Britain is a political
force. Now, many thousands of our
black-coated workers are far from
being able to subscribe to all they
like to keep their trade unionism .
and their attitude towards the ballot
box separate, and 1 am not sure that
in the present stage of development
this can be wondered at. It can hard-
ly be expected that they should feel
to an acute degree what our Social-
ist orators are so fond of adumbrat-
ing — “ class eonsciousnous , \ If they
belong to any class at all, they will
tell you, it is the Middle class, al-
though exactly where that begins and
ends, neither they nor any other so-
cioligist could explicitly determine.

Take as a concrete instance the
organization to which I belong, the
National Union of Journalists. We
had considerable initial difficulties
in floating it, because of the starchy
notion that affected the minds of
large numbers of men — there were
not so many women journalists in
those days — that ours was a pro-
fession and not a trade, and that we
were sacrificing dignity by forming
a union. There wa3 already a Socie-
ty called the institute of .Journal-

ists, to which belonged proprietors,
editors and all classes of journalists.
The business of this Institute was
chiefly, so far as I could discover, to i
hold annual congratulatory gather-
ings and periodical picnics. There
was some sort of friendly society
side to it. But there was no vim, no
ginger, no fight. How could there
be?

But some of us wanted something
more definite and direct. Now we
have a minimum wage of $42 per
week for London daily and evening
papers, with slightly lower scales
for the provinces, have tackled the
news agencies and will soon be after
the weeklies and trade organs. We
take in photographers, artists, and
free lance contributors, but leave
employers to the comfortable enclos-
ure of the Institute. We want out-of-
work pay and donations during cisk-
ness or other bad luck, and are affi-
liated to the Printing Trades Fed-
eration, though not yet to the Trades
Congress.

The reason for the last fact is the
one I have hinted as affecting black-
coated workers generally. Journal-
ists may be and are Conservatives,
Liberals, Socialists or moderate La-
bor men, and we know', as do other
bodies, we should be prejudicing our
trade union unity if w r e insisted on
anything which would savor of an
abrogation of political independence.

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Perhaps the liveliest of our black-
coated organizations is the National
Union of Shop Assistants. It has a
programme vchich, if carried
through, wil give its members some-
thing like $150,000,000 increase in
wages this year, and has pulled off
a number of rather remarkable
strikes with flying colors. Generally
speaking, however, our brain work-
ers do not strike. They are able to
put their case in so lucid and rea-
soned a fashion that they can get
most of their effects without resort-
ing to that measure.

Still results are not yet all that
may be desired. Many a man or wo-
mon of more than average educa-
tional attainments is working for
muclj less than manual workers, and
the spirit of unrest among them is
stirring. When the British brain
workers get thoroughly on the move
they will do more # for the cause of
democracy than w*as ever dreamed
of by the fathers of trades unionnsm
and save the country from the wrong
sort of revolution,, while hastening
that which can only come about by
evolution.

:o:

AUTHOR BECOMES MINER

With a view to qualifying himself
as an official Labor candidate for
Parliamentary honors in Great Brit-
ain, Mr. Joseph Keating, the well-
known author, has decided to return
to the con-1 mines, which he aban-
doned in favor of literature. Ap-
proached by representatives of va-
rious miners ' lodges in the Aberdare :
Division to allow* his name to be :
submitted as the miners ’ nominee,
Mr. Keating decided to go to work
about the mines and to jo-in the
South Wales Miners ’ Federation as
a mine-worker, thus qualifying in
all respects as the possible official
candidate of the edierat|on. Mr.
Keating worked in the mines at
Mountain Ash from boyhood for
nearly seven years, and has written
several books dealing with life in
miner became an author. Now the
author has become a miner again.

GOOD REASONING

Parent — ■ 1 What is your reason
for washing to marry my daughter?”

Young Man — “I have no reason,
sir; I am in love. ” — “ London Opin-
nion. ’ ’

:o:

A FLYAWAY AFRAIR

A fly and a flea in a flue were
imprisoned; so what could they do?
Said the flea, ‘ 1 Let us fly 1 ’ ’

Said the fly, “Let us flee!”

So they flew* through a flaw in the
flue. — “Orange Peel. ”

:o: 7

BEING NICE TO HER

The Fair One — “I see here where
a man married a woman for money.
You wouldn’t marry me for money,
w'ould you?”

The Square One— “Why, no, I
wouldn’t marry you for all the mo-
ney in the world.”— “Tar Baby.”

:o:

FAMILY SENTIMENT

Father — “But, my dear Dorothy,
your husband already owes me a lot
of money. I don’t think he should
expect me to lend him more.”

Daughter — “Well, father, lie has
to get it somewhere, and he has a
certain sentiment about keeping his
creditors in the family.”

:o:

CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Traveling Salesman — “Whom do
you consider the smartest man in the
village?”

♦Jed Hicksleigh — “Postmaster.
He’s the smartest feller here-
abouts; speaks six languages. ”

Travelling Salesman — “Learned
them in college, I presume.”

Jed Hisksleigh — “No, he’s just
kinda got onta ’em readin’ postal
j cards.” — “New York WorHI.”

Page 32

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

SIDE-UNES

(By KENNEDY CRONE)

L AST Saturday afternoon T was
fishing for minnows and tad- 1
poles in an old quarry hole at
Tetraultville. It was serious busi-

ness, as I had to prove my efficiency
in front of a lot of youngsiters who
were sure I was the Minnow and
Tadpole GhampiojU of the World,
ready to meet all comers.

The occasion was a Sunday School
picnic, one of those queer things
which can charm the heart or be an
awful bore, according to the mood
and the angle of view. I had gone
down in one of. four street cars
marked “Special''’ and carrying
cargoes of boisterous little people
who got a lot- of fun out of a trip
that would weary most adults. At
the end of the journey, where there
were meadows and Woods for the j
children to run wild in, I sat down
to read the Gazette, but I had hardly
begun before a deputation of small
boys came along to “borrow^’ it
to make paper boats. I compro-
mised by giviaig them half of it, and
after they had gone I found that 1
had given away the editorials which
I hadn’t read. However, I reflected
that they were serving a useful pur-
pose, anyway.

A few minutes later a deputation -
arrived to borrow a knife to cut
fishing rods from the trees, and I
thought that the place where paper
boats and fishing rods were needed
might be worth a visit. One boy 1
said that you had to go through
the “jungle,” and out on the other
side was a pond. Another boy said
it wasn’t a pond; it was a lake. A
third thought it was the beginning
uf the St. Lawrence river, but he j
wasn’t sure, and the other boys
needu’t laugh because ;maybe he
was -right, after all, and besides he’d
"let them see,” by means of
“bunging up their eyes,” whether
they’d laugh at him or not. Where-
upon the biggest boy of the party,
conscious cf his physical invulnera-
bility off handedly advised this of-
fended boy to “curl up and bust. ’ 7 j
Ju the pond, lake or river there were !
“black goldfish” and fat “polly j

wogs” in “millions,” so the boys
told me.

In a rash moment I said that when
I was a kid I knew a thing or two
about .catching minnows or “black
goldfish” and tadpoles or “polly-
wogs. ” The news spread rapidly
and also became highly colored in
passage. I heard later that I had
claimed to be the only living speci-
men capable of whistling the min-
nows and tadpoles to their doom, 1
and 1 wouldn ’t be surprised to hear
that there still a tale running
around somewhere that I professed
to call the minnows and tadpoles by
their Christian names, thus causing
them to leap into my pockets from
sheer joy.

On the way to and through the

“ ju n gle ’ ’ a /I e use t hi eke t not

inappropriately described —other

youngsters joined the expedition
and brought cans and milk bottles
to hold the “catch.” It was quite
an army that eventually came out
on the other side of the jungle. In
a meadow on the other side was
the fishing ground, a broad quarry-
hole with water about a foot deep
and dotted with islands made for
adventure. Some ^ children were al-
ready there mussing up their Sun-
day clothes in the muddy places and
enjoying themselves generally. I
was kept busy for two hours catch-
ing “goldfish” and “polly wogs”
in a handkerchief stretched on
twigs, and some of the youngsters
soon imitated the trick and we all
had a swell time. As my hand-
kerchief was the biggest, I had to
loan it out new and then to little
girls whose hankies were too small
to even blow small noses, not to
speak of being used a.s fishing nets.

It was all very noisy and exciting, i
In between landing minnows and
tadpoles, and trying to spread them
fairly amongst the cans and milk
bottles; and settling disputes and
disappointments about somebody
getting three, and somebody get-
ting a fatter one than somebody
else; and trying, quite uselessly, to
stop boys from wading with their
boots and stockings on; and wring-
ing as much water as possible from
somebody’s hat; and recovering from
the ocean somebody’s fifteen -cent
I diamond brooch; and saving my
straw hat from being used as a boat
by a four-year-old enthusiast — in

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between^ these affairs, I had to !
answer as well as I could about four
hundred question®, at least two hun-
dred of which not even the Eney-
clopeadki Rritanmica could answer.
Here are some of the questions J
happen to remember:

1 1 Do tadpoles sting? ” “ How are

tadpoles made?” “Does the sun
turn a minnow’s skin gold?” “Why
is a tadpole fat at one end?” “Do
minnows eat three meals a day?”
“How long can they live out of
water?” “ How old is .that one?” |
“How many minnows are there in

the world?” “What do tadpoles
eat?” “Do their mothers give them
names?” “Where do they go when
t hey die?” “ Can they be f ri e d ? ”
“Is a tadpole bad luck?” “Could
a minnow walk if it had feet?”
“Why doesn’t a minnow get feet?”
“How can fish see in the dark?”
“Do they live in ice in the winter?”
“Why are there no big fish here?”

Friends tell me of the heavenly
delights of trout fishing; I must tell
them of the sport of minnow aud
tadpole fishing, with lots of chil-
dren around to keep the interest up.

FRANK A. PURDY, Sales Representative.

S. P. HARRIMAN, Ass ’t.-Treas. and Manager.

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June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER

Page 1:?

Some Unofficial Side-lights From Delegates
To The A. F. of L. Convention

(By KENNEDY CRONE)

In the last two weeks or so I have
had the good luck to meet many of
the delegates to the convention of the
American Federation of Labor, mostly
in their off-duty moments. Some of
the things they said were rather in-
teresting. They were not said for
publication, but there can be no harm
in putting some of them in print, so
here they are, as verbally accurate as
memory and impression will allow: —

1 1 Your newspapers are not as 1 class
conscious ’ as American papers. Some
of them give a better show to Labor
than most American papers, though
I notice you have your Me-aiul-God
sheets, too. ”

“The A. F. of L. is the best thing
Labor on this Continent possesses, but
it needs brushing up now and then or
it would go stale. I don’t think those
One Big Union and other break-away
movements really do it. a bit of harm.
In some ways they do it good.”

“Your city is very old in spots and
very new in spots. Such an old city
could have done better in some things.
As a place to live in the city is quite
ordinary. Your slums are as bad as
any I ever saw.”

“Your Labor men know us, of cour-
se, but some of your non-labor men
seem surprised that we don ’t murder
the English language and spit all
over the place.”

“I was born in the stinks of a slum
and I never went to school. I don’t
know very much yet, but I do know
justice, and I do know a lady or a
gentleman. ’ ’

“If only the teachers and the news-
papermen and women were Unionized
and federated, what a power for good

for everybody! Free teachers teach-
ing the children and free newspaper
writers carrying on with the adults! ”

‘ ‘ When I was young I was a clerk
in a Nevada hotel, and all my spare
time was used up in playing stud
poker and soaking liquor. I wish I
had those years back. There is so
much to do, and I am getting old.”

“Give them the truth! I am 65
years of age and know nothing about
running a newspaper except to tell the
truth, and that what lots of papers
don’t know. I give the truth whether
they like it or not. They can keep
their advertising if they want to.
Truth is more important, and if they
find you mean to tell the truth, they
will bring their advertising in again.
Believe me, the truth is a good busi-
ness proposition. T slam the liars and
the fakirs good and hard. They say
t hey ’ll never buy it next week. Mebbe
they’re scared. I hope so. Still, they
keep on buying the paper and \ keep
on telling the truth. I have only 1500
trade unionists in my town, yet the cir-
culation of my paper is 3500. People
want the truth. Give it to them.
Don’t care a damn for anybody! Go
to it! Tell the truth! ” (At the In-
ternational Labor Press Conference).

“I see kids ten years of age sellin
papers on the streets of Montreal.
Wlmt’s the law on the subject?”

“Borne of your slums arc pretty
bad. Bays I: 1 Never mind the show
places; let’s, see how the underdog
lives.’ The underdog is just as badly
off here as anywhere else.”

“I am a radical. You don’t need
to put me through the third degree
to find me? out. I confess. I not

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only confess, but I say I am proud
of being a radical.”

“Most of your women seem lacking
in vitality. Somebody said it was due !
to war work and war worries. What ’si
the fact?

“I was a minister before I joined
the labor movement; rather, I was
drawn into the movement by the j
things I said and did. I am glad 1
am in it. Borne of the delegates think
it is a joke to get into a wet town
like Montreal, I am a prohibitionist,
and I look at it this way: A sobered
worker will realize more clearly what
is tlu* matter with the social system
and act more quickly. The man de-
prived of the beer which he thought a I
necessity will look around for some
one to blame, and he will find other
timings worth blaming.”

“English? Well, no, I’m American
for a couple of hundred years back,
anyway, but the family is originally j
English and I guess I am still English j
in some ways, and a bit cocky about
it, too. The lion looks pretty good
to me, and I have no ambition to twist '
the old chap’s tail.”

“Somebody told me you had a swell I
cabaret, blit, toll me, what ■ is your
infant death rate and what do you do i
about child labor?”

“Tom Moore told us that Canada
was bigger than the old U. B., and
I guess it does us good to /hear it
plump like that once in a while.”

“It is surprising to hear Canadian I
Labor men talking of the free British
institutions. T guess we have some-
thing to learn up here.”

“It’s a swell town for tourists, but >

I suppose you have your own home
troubles. ’ ’

“I am surprised at the number of
French people who speak English, and
the number of English people who
don’t know French.”

“Perhaps 85 per cent of the dele-
gates to the A. F. of L. are of Anglo-
Saxon or Celtic origin; I do know the
preponderance in tremendous. It na-
turally follows that, whatever the
superficialities may be, there is an
affinity with Canadians that goes
down very deep, deeper- than I can
quite put into words because I was
only seven months at school in my
life and my wife taught me to read
and write.”

IRON FRAME

WORKSHIRTS

Insist that the workshirt vou buy
bears the name JUMBO. JESS
WILLARD or the famous Brand-
mark IRON FRAME.

Staunch materials. generously
out. assure long service and com-
fort — and Tooke Worhshirts stand
the rub and scrub.

At All Good -Dealers.

TOOKE BROS, LIMITED

Shirts, Collars and Neckwear

Montreal

Toronto

Winnipeg

Vancouver

Page 14

THE CANADIAN RAILROADER June 26th, 1920

Labor Plans To

Fight Profiteers

In connection with the high cost
of living, a. resolution was adopted
at the meeting of the Montreal
Trades and Labor Council last week
which affirms that as a)U efforts
have apparently (failed to 'secure
legislation for curbing the activities
of the foo-d profiteers, and as the
workers feel they cannot hope to
get relief through legislation, the
council therefore resolved to urge
on all affiliated unions the advisa-
bility of perfecting their union or-
gan izatons so that they could insist
upon greater remuneration for their
labor.

In support of the motion, Mr. J.
T. Foster, president of the Trades
and Labor Council, said that some of
the workers were beginning to think
if there was to be any relief from
profiteering it was to be found in
using the same weapons against em-
ployers as the latter were using
against labor. Repeatedly the coun-
cil had urged that the Government
interfere with the robbery of the
people, and the only effect was to
increase the burden on the back of
the consumer. “We think, ” said
Mr. Foster, “-that the only thing to
do is to give them a battle in their
own way and make them pay for
ou<r labor. As w T e want to get back
enough coin on which to live, the
only thing to do is to give them
strikes and cessation of labor till we
get the wages we need.”

Delegate Moore delivered a satiric
address on the function of a govern-
ment, contending that the business
of the Government was to see that
the big corporations were properly
protected and that the workers, after
producing more than they received,
should go back home every day con-
tented. And the Government, he
added, was doing well, as they
represented the .property interests of
the country. “Do you ever think
they represent you?” lie asked of
the delegates present; “No, they
represen t property. ’ ’

Delegate Manly thought it was
futile to blamp the Government,
“when we elected 65 representa-
tives and voted for the boss.” It
would be wiser to see that labor re-
presentatives were elected next time.

THE RESOLUTION

The resolution after some further
discussion, was adopted unanimously.
It reads as follows:.

Whereas, the costs of necessities
of life have increased and are still
increasing with- such rapidity as to
make it almost impoisible for the
workers to provide sustenance for
himself aud family; and

Whereas, an additional factor of
this increase is the varied taxes that
have been and are being imposed
upon the people by the Government;
and

Whereas, all efforts in the past to
h&ve the officials of the Govern-
ment enact legislation to curb the
activities of food profiteers have
apparently failed; am}

Whereas, in apportioning taxation
to meet the funded debt of the coun-
try, those responsible for its appor->
Homing either through lack of abil-
ity or designedly placed the burden
of same most inequitably upon those
through legislation; and

Whereas, under these circumstan-
ces we feel that the workers can-
not hope to secure relief at this time
thrugh legislation; and

Whereas, past experience has de-
monstrated that where the workers
have been thoroughly organized .they
through their economic strength,
have succeeded In seeulring some
measure of relief from this onerous
condition ;

Therefore, be it resolved that we
urge upon all affiliated unions the
advisability of perfecting the organ-
ization of their different trades or
callings and by their economic
strength insist upon the greater re-
muneration for their labor in order
to supply the necessary wherewithal
for the sustenance of themselves and
their families, and

Be i.t further resolved, that we
pledge ourselves to assist in the
fullest possible measure any move-
ment thht may be inaugurated by
any organization along these lines.

LABOR BREVITIES

Samuel Gompers has accepted an
invitation from the City of Toronto
and the Canadian National Exhibi-
tion to visit Toronto next Labor Day
and deliver an address in connec-
tion with the Labor Day demon-
stration.

* * *

The conference of Ontario and
Quebec Typographical Unions meet-
ing in Hamilton last week went on
record in support of the appeal of
the Canadian Daily Newspapers As-
sociation to the Dominion Govern-
ment for legislation requiring each
newsprint manufacturer to supply
his proportion of the domestic re-
quirements of newsprint at prices
not higher than the current contract
prices for export countries.

# * #

On the request of the municipality
of Peterborough the Minister of
Labor has appointed a board of con-
ciliation to investigate the dispute
between the Canadian General Elec-
tric Company and its employees.

* * *

As a consequence of the rejection
of the Conciliation Board report bv
the striking miners of MiAto Col-
lieries, New Brunswick, a Royal
Commission will be appointed.

:d:

“Is this an imitation of butter?”
, inquired the man with tire market-
basket.

“I can’t say that it is,” replied
the conscientious dealer. “We are
far beyond imitating butter. We
are now imitating the imitations.”
— “Washington Star.”

June 26th, 1920

THE CANADIAN RAILROADE

Page 15

EMMERSON FUEL

(Company

ANTHRACITE w

BITUMINOUS L U A L

Wholesale and

T> ^ i „ *1

115 CITY ROAD

XvB uctll

ST. JOHN, N.B.

LABOR BREVITIES

According to James B. McLaddan,
secretary of the United Mine Workers,
the Government must appoint a Royal
Commission to investigate Nova
Scotia miners’ grievances, because it
is bound to accept the findings of its
own conciliation board.

# # #

Building trade laborers of London,
Out., threaten strike.

# # #

Chief Justice Mathers, chairman of
the board of conciliation probing the
differences between the Canadian
Northern Express Company, Winni-
peg, and its employees, expresses a
belief that a settlement will be made
by next Monday.

# * #

The right of a woodsman to benefit
under the Workmen ’s Compensation
Act was decided when Mr. Justice
Howard, in the Superior Court, award-
ed Arthur Trottier $78 for total tem-
porary incapacity, and $1,832.18, be-
ing the capital of an annuity of

$144.38 for permanent partial inca-
pacity through losing the sight of
one eye by a blow from a branch of
a tree he was chopping. His em-
ployers, the Sheppard and Morse Lum-
ber Company, contended the Act did
not apply to woodsmen, but the judge
found differently.

# * #

The Canadian National Exhibition
will not cancel its invitation to Sam-
uel Gompers, as asked by some Oran
gemen, holding that Gompers has not

shown any anti-British spirit, but sim-
ply put the Irish resolutions of the
Federation of Labor Convention as
part of his duty as chairman.

# * #

There is a serious milk shortage in
St. John, N. B., owing to a strike of
milk producers. A motor truck con-
veying milk to the city was stopped at
a barricade by three men who over-
turned it and spilt the milk on the
roadway.

# # *

Many Montreal clothing factories
which had closed down owing to slack-
ness of trade have reopened. Em-
ployers and workers are at present
engaged on the problem of drafting a
standard scale of production, in ac-
cordance with the wishes as expressed
1 at the convention of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers in Boston.

* * *

London, Out., street car strike has
been settled and service resumed.
The men will receive 48 cents an hour.
Fares will not be raised.

ft # #

The striking machinists of Domi-
nion Steel Corporation at Sydney^
have returned to work, having accept-
ed the company ’s offer of an eleven
per cent wage increase, though they
have not obtained the nine hour day
they demanded. The terms of settle-
ment are 68 cents an hour, a ten hours
day, time and a half for Saturday
night work, and double time for Sun-
day and Sunday night work.

* # #

Windsor, Out., Street Railway em-
ployees will be given a substantial in-
crease July 1.

Mayor Church has wired Senator
Robertson “Hands off Toronto Street
Railway situation” apparently with
a view to deterring the Government
from taking steps to avoid a strike
Asked what the wire meant E. N.
Compton, Dominion Fair Wage Of-
ficer said: “It means that we are
through. There will be a strike, un-
less other means arise of preventing
it.”

-:o:-

“ Could you do something for a
poor old sailor”? asked the seedy-
looking wanderer at the gate.

“Poor old sailor?” echoed the la-
dy at work at the tub.

“ Yes’m, J followed the wotter
for sixteen years.”

“Well,” said the woman, after a
critical look, “you certainly don’t
look as if you ever caught up with
: it.”

Then she resumed her labors.

Then she resumer her labors.

:o:

Profiteer — “The death penalty for
profiteers and hoarders is to be in-
troduced. Now’s the time to hoard
coffins! ’ ’• — < ‘ Simplici'ssimus ’ ’.

Dominion Oilcloth & Linoleum Co.

The Nichols Chemical Company, Limited

ACIDS AND HEAVY CHEMICALS

Agents for Baker & Adamson’s Chemically Pure Acids
and Chemicals.

Agents for Canadian Salt Co. — “Windsor” Brand Caustic Soda
and Bleaching Powder.

Works: Capelton, Que., Sulphide, Out., Barnet, B. C.
Warehouses: Montreal. Toronto.

222 St. James Street MONTREAI

LIMITED

i Manufacturers of

LINOLEUMS and OIL CLOTH

Office and Works MONTREAL

U5*C

SHOE MACHINERY
SHOE REPAIRING MACHINERY
SHOE SUPPLIES

UNITED SHOE MACHINERY OF CANADA Limited

TORONTO

MONTREAL

— KITCHENER

— QUEBEC

Railroaders!

For your First Spring Fishing
Trip or your Summer Camp or
your Fall Hunt - Make Sure
your Field Equipment is Right.

A Woods’ Tent and an Ardtic
Sleeping Robe Means Protec-
tion and Comfort.

Catalogues and Booklets on
Equipment for the asking

WOODS

Manufacturing Go.

Department D OTTAWA

Page 16

IE CANADIAN RAILROADER

June 26th, 1920

Maltum Beer

Has a charm of flavor
that fascinates — a dis-
tinction of quality that
soothes and cheers.
Enjoy it iey cold.

Order by the case from your
grocer, druggist or confectioner

E. L. DREWRY, Ltd

WINNIPEG

THE MINER RUBBER

Company, Limited.

MONTREAL, Quebec

SMALL TOOLS

TAPS, DIES, REAMERS
MILLING CUTTERS
SPECIAL TOOLS

PRATT & WHITNEY Co.

of Canada, Limited.

DUNDAS, Ontario

HALIFAX, MONTREAL, TORONTO, WINDSOR,
WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER.

Steel

Castings

FOR

LOCOMOTIVES, PASSENGER CARS
AND FREIGHT CARS OF ALL
DESCRIPTIONS

Hull Iron & Steel Foundries, Limited

HULL, Que.